378 research outputs found
The EAGLE. A model for policy analysis of macroeconomic interdependence in the euro area
Building on the New Area Wide Model, we develop a 4-region macroeconomic model of the euro area and the world economy. The model (EAGLE, Euro Area and Global Economy model) is microfounded and designed for conducting quantitative policy analysis of macroeconomic interdependence across regions belonging to the euro area and between euro area regions and the world economy. Simulation analysis shows the transmission mechanism of region-specific or common shocks, originating in the euro area and abroad.
Modele a anticipations rationnelles de la conjoncture simulee : MARCOS.
MARCOS est un modĂšle Ă©talonnĂ© de l'Ă©conomie française en prĂ©sence d'anticipations rationnelles. Son principal objectif est la rĂ©alisation d'exercices de simulation sur un horizon de moyen long terme. Il a Ă©tĂ© construit en adoptant l'hypothĂšse d'un petit pays oĂč les marchĂ©s des biens et du travail sont dans un contexte de concurrence monopolistique, les salaires sont nĂ©gociĂ©s suivant un modĂšle de droit Ă gĂ©rer l'emploi et la consommation des mĂ©nages non contraints par les liquiditĂ©s rĂ©sulte d'un comportement d'optimisation intertemporelle prenant en considĂ©ration l'hypothĂšse de cycle de vie. Plusieurs simulations de chocs de politique Ă©conomique et d'environnement international sont rĂ©alisĂ©es afin d'Ă©valuer les propriĂ©tĂ©s dynamiques de MARCOS.Simulation ; Modeles economiques
L'investissement en France depuis le debut des annees 1980.
Depuis le debut des annees 1990, l'investissement total des secteurs marchands (SQS-EI, administrations privees, etablissements de credit et entreprises d'assurance) semble connaitre un niveau plus failbe que celui que conduirait a prevoir la dynamique qui prevalait dans les annees 1980. Les determinants traditionnels de l'investissement, a savoir la demande, le taus de profit et les taux d'utilisation des capacites de production, seraient donc insuffisants pour expliquer l'evolution de celui-ci des dernieres annees.Investissement ; France
Advanced Optics Experiments Using Nonuniform Aperture Functions
A method to create instructive, nonuniform aperture functions using spatial
frequency filtering is described. The diffraction from a single slit in the
Fresnel limit and the interference from a double slit in the Fraunhofer limit
are spatially filtered to create electric field distributions across an
aperture to produce apodization, inverse apodization or super-resolution, and
apertures with phase shifts across their widths. The diffraction effects from
these aperture functions are measured and calculated. The excellent agreement
between the experimental results and the calculated results makes the
experiment ideal for use in an advanced undergraduate or graduate optics
laboratory to illustrate experimentally several effects in Fourier optics
Apodized Pupil Lyot Coronagraphs for Arbitrary Telescope Apertures
In the context of high dynamic range imaging, this study presents a
breakthrough for the understanding of Apodized Pupil Lyot Coronagraphs, making
them available for arbitrary aperture shapes. These new solutions find
immediate application in current, ground-based coronagraphic studies (Gemini,
VLT) and in existing instruments (AEOS Lyot Project). They also offer the
possiblity of a search for an on-axis design for TPF. The unobstructed aperture
case has already been solved by Aime et al. (2002) and Soummer et al. (2003).
Analytical solutions with identical properties exist in the general case and,
in particular, for centrally obscured apertures. Chromatic effects can be
mitigated with a numerical optimization. The combination of analytical and
numerical solutions enables the study of the complete parameter space (central
obstruction, apodization throughput, mask size, bandwidth, and Lyot stop size).Comment: 7 pages 4 figures - ApJL, accepte
Optimal transport of ultracold atoms in the non-adiabatic regime
We report the transport of ultracold atoms with optical tweezers in the
non-adiabatic regime, i.e. on a time scale on the order of the oscillation
period. We have found a set of discrete transport durations for which the
transport is not accompanied by any excitation of the centre of mass of the
cloud. We show that the residual amplitude of oscillation of the dipole mode is
given by the Fourier transform of the velocity profile imposed to the trap for
the transport. This formalism leads to a simple interpretation of our data and
simple methods for optimizing trapped particles displacement in the
non-adiabatic regime
Exoplanets imaging with a Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization Coronagraph - I. Principle
Using 2 aspheric mirrors, it is possible to apodize a telescope beam without
losing light or angular resolution: the output beam is produced by
``remapping'' the entrance beam to produce the desired light intensity
distribution in a new pupil. We present the Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization
Coronagraph (PIAAC) concept, which uses this technique, and we show that it
allows efficient direct imaging of extrasolar terrestrial planets with a
small-size telescope in space. The suitability of the PIAAC for exoplanet
imaging is due to a unique combination of achromaticity, small inner working
angle (about 1.5 ), high throughput, high angular resolution and
large field of view. 3D geometrical raytracing is used to investigate the
off-axis aberrations of PIAAC configurations, and show that a field of view of
more than 100 in radius is available thanks to the correcting
optics of the PIAAC. Angular diameter of the star and tip-tilt errors can be
compensated for by slightly increasing the size of the occulting mask in the
focal plane, with minimal impact on the system performance. Earth-size planets
at 10 pc can be detected in less than 30s with a 4m telescope. Wavefront
quality requirements are similar to classical techniques.Comment: 35 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap
A Tunable Echelle Imager
We describe and evaluate a new instrument design called a Tunable Echelle
Imager (TEI). In this instrument, the output from an imaging Fabry-Perot
interferometer is cross-dispersed by a grism in one direction and dispersed by
an echelle grating in the perpendicular direction. This forms a mosaic of
different narrow-band images of the same field on a detector. It offers a
distinct wavelength multiplex advantage over a traditional imaging Fabry-Perot
device.
Potential applications of the TEI include spectrophotometric imaging and
OH-suppressed imaging by rejection.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, accepted by PAS
Detection of Earth-like Planets Using Apodized Telescopes
The mission of NASA's Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) is to find Earth-like
planets orbiting other stars and characterize the atmospheres of these planets
using spectroscopy. Because of the enormous brightness ratio between the star
and the reflected light from the planet, techniques must be found to reduce the
brightness of the star. The current favorite approach to doing this is with
interferometry: interfering the light from two or more separated telescopes
with a phase shift, nulling out the starlight. While this technique can,
in principle, achieve the required dynamic range, building a space
interferometer that has the necessary characteristics poses immense technical
difficulties. In this paper, we suggest a much simpler approach to achieving
the required dynamic range. By simply adjusting the transmissive shape of a
telescope aperture, the intensity in large regions around the stellar image can
be reduced nearly to zero. This approach could lead to construction of a TPF
using conventional technologies, requiring space optics on a much smaller scale
than the current TPF approach.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, 9 pages, 6 figure
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